About Barton Springs
Barton Springs is a rare natural treasure, shaped over millennia by both water and people. Fed by an underground aquifer, the springs stay a refreshing 70 degrees year-round. For generations, they have drawn humans and wildlife alike—places to swim, gather, and connect—while the dams, walls, and sidewalks added in the 1920s tell the story of Austin's evolving relationship with this iconic site.
The history of the Springs spans the ages, from archaeological digs that reveal clues about prehistoric life at the Springs some 10,000 years ago, to early pioneer accounts of the wonders and danger of Austin in the early 1800's. The mid-1880's through the early 1900's is a time of active industry around the Springs, including mills, fish hatcheries and quarrying activities.
In the 1930's, the Springs' surroundings were greatly reconfigured ushering in the 'Rocksitters' era when Barton Springs was Austin's playground and a meeting place for intellectuals and common folk alike. This is also a period of racial segregation. The compelling story of the 1960 swim-ins that re-integrated the pool and led to the integration of recreational facilities in Austin is another story of this period.
The 1970's saw urban development and declining water quality, raising concerns about the future of the Springs. Citizens organized to protect the Springs, setting aside green space and passing the Save Our Springs ordinance in 1990. During this time, the Barton Springs salamander was listed as an endangered species and scientists have worked since then to understand the Springs aquatic ecosystem in an effort to protect it.
Other Resources
History of Barton Springs — A detailed history by Laurie Limbacher.
Wikipedia — Barton Springs